# What are red, yellow, blue and black flags in physiotherapy?

URL: https://tymirahealth.com/resources/faqs/what-are-red-yellow-blue-and-black-flags-in-physiotherapy
For: Clinicians | Physiotherapy practice | Last updated 19 October 2026

**Answer:** In physiotherapy, red flags are findings that raise concern for serious pathology, such as fracture, infection, cancer, major neurological compromise, vascular disease or systemic illness. They do not confirm a diagnosis but may need urgent or specialist assessment. Yellow, blue and black flags describe factors that may slow recovery: yellow flags are beliefs, fear, distress and coping; blue flags relate to perceptions of work and support; black flags are organisational, legal, financial or system barriers.

### Using flags in practice

Red-flag examples include major trauma, fever, unexplained weight loss, severe night pain, progressive weakness, new bladder or bowel disturbance, saddle sensory change and signs of vascular compromise.

- Interpret combinations, severity, progression and examination; one red flag does not always mean serious disease
- High-risk findings often mean pausing routine treatment pending review
- Suspected cauda equina syndrome, acute vascular compromise, severe infection or sudden neurological loss need urgent emergency assessment
- Psychosocial flags are not a mental health diagnosis and must never be used to dismiss symptoms or blame the patient
- Use respectful language in notes and explain what is being assessed

Digital screening can support, but not replace, clinical judgement.

## Related questions

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- [How is functional mobility assessed?](https://tymirahealth.com/resources/faqs/how-is-functional-mobility-assessed)
- [How is pain assessed in physiotherapy?](https://tymirahealth.com/resources/faqs/how-is-pain-assessed-in-physiotherapy)

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